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Robert Motherwell was one of the leading artists of the Abstract
Expressionist movement and also the leading spokesman for that generation.
His paintings, collages, drawings, and prints are in the collections
of major museums throughout the world and he remains the subject
of intense art-historical study. His work is characterized by a
broad range of imagery, within which there are certain recurrent
themes and motifs, such as the monumental Elegies to the Spanish
Republic, the intensely brooding Iberia paintings, and the lyrical
Opens.
Robert Motherwell was born in Aberdeen, Washington, on January
24, 1915, the first child of Robert Burns Motherwell II and Margaret
Hogan Motherwell. He was reared largely on the Pacific Coast and
spent most of his school years in California, where he graduated
from Stanford University in 1937. Motherwell also did graduate work
in philosophy at Harvard University and in 1940 he studied briefly
at Columbia University, where he was encouraged by Meyer Schapiro
to devote himself to painting rather than scholarship. After a 1941
voyage to Mexico with the Surrealist painter Matta, Motherwell decided
to make painting his primary vocation. It was at this time that
he began to do "automatic" drawings and painted his first
mature pictures.
The next year Motherwell began to exhibit his work in New York
and in 1944 he had his first one-man show at Peggy Guggenheim's
“Art of this Century” Gallery. Beginning in the mid-1940s,
Motherwell became the leading spokesman for avant-garde art in America.
He lectured widely on abstract painting and he founded and edited
the Documents of Modern Art Series. In 1948, he began to work with
his celebrated Elegy to the Spanish Republic theme, which he continued
to develop throughout his life. From 1950 to 1959, Motherwell taught
painting at Hunter College, in New York. At this time, he was a
prolific writer and lecturer, and in addition to directing the influential
Documents of Modern Art Series, he edited The
Dada Painters and Poets: An Anthology, which was published
in 1951. |
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In
1958, Motherwell was included in the "The New American Painting"
exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. That year he traveled in France
and Spain, where he started his Iberia series. During the 1960s, Motherwell
exhibited widely in both America and Europe and in 1965 he was given
a major retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art; this
show subsequently traveled to Amsterdam, London, Brussels, Essen,
and Turin. In 1967, Motherwell began to work on his Open series.
In 1970, Motherwell moved to Greenwich, Connecticut. During the
1970s, he had important retrospective exhibitions in a number of
European cities, including Dusseldorf, Stockholm, Vienna, Paris,
Edinburgh, and London. In 1977, Motherwell was given a major mural
commission for the new wing of the National Gallery of Art, Washington,
D.C.
In 1983, a major retrospective exhibition of Motherwell’s
work was mounted at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New
York; this exhibition was subsequently shown in Los Angeles, San
Francisco, Washington, D.C., Seattle, and New York City. Another
retrospective was shown in Mexico City, Monterey, and Fort Worth,
Texas, in 1991.
Robert Motherwell died in Provincetown, Massachusetts on July 16,
1991.
Over a long and distinguished career, Motherwell was the recipient
of numerous awards and honors, and his works are on display in museums
throughout the world.
Since his death there have been numerous exhibitions of his work,
including a major retrospective shown in Barcelona and Madrid in
1997.
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